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UNDERSTANDING AND RECOGNIZING DISCRIMINATION
Discrimination manifests itself in many different forms and at different levels – it is rarely clear and not always easy to identify. The aim of this module is to give participants a deeper understanding of what discrimination is, how it works, and why its recognition and analysis requires a critical examination of power relations. The focus is on examining various **dimensions of discrimination** – such as racism, sexism, ableism, or classism – as well as their overlaps and similarities. Participants learn to recognize and differentiate between these dimensions, and to classify them analytically with the help of concrete case studies. Furthermore, discrimination is understood not only as individual misconduct, but as a structural and societal power phenomenon. Another central element of the module is the introduction to various **levels of understanding discrimination**: from subjective experience and legal classifications to the societal level, where power relations are analyzed and critically reflected upon. This creates a foundation for not only recognizing discrimination, but also dealing with it professionally. Participants reflect on similarities and differences between forms of discrimination and develop a deeper awareness of their mechanisms of action in the practice of anti-discrimination counseling. Thematic Focus of the Module Topic 1: Why Recognizing Discrimination Isn't So Easy Introduction to the Complexity and Multifacetedness of Discrimination Reflection on Why Discrimination Often Remains Invisible or Overlooked Topic 2: Presentation of the Key Question Classification of the central question of the module, which structures the further content and stimulates reflection Topic 3: Between Everyday Understanding and Professional Understanding Examination of widespread ideas about discrimination in everyday life and how they differ from professional and power-critical approaches Topic 4: How Discrimination Structures Our Society Discrimination as a Component of Social Structures and Power Relations Introduction to Intersectional Thinking Topic 5: Analyzing Discrimination - But How? Introduction to Analysis Methods, Changing Perspectives, and Reflection Using Case Studies Introduction to the Three-Step Concept of Discrimination Analysis (Experience - Legal Review - Power Relations). Topic 6: Reflection/Transfer to Practice: Applying what has been learned to one's own practice. Developing initial action steps for discrimination-sensitive counseling.
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Topic 1: Why recognizing discrimination is not so easy
Topic 2: Between everyday understanding and specialist understanding
Topic 3: How discrimination structures our society
Topic 4: Analyzing discrimination – but how?
Topic 5: Reflection
HISTORY OF RACISM IN GERMANY
INTERSECTIONALITY IN COUNSELING
Anti-discrimination advice with a focus on racism

In this first focus, participants will explore the fundamental question of why discrimination is often not immediately recognized as such. Using concrete examples, they will illustrate how discrimination remains invisible or is dismissed as insignificant.

A key learning moment is to understand that Discrimination is not an isolated case or individual misconduct is but an expression of social structures and power relationsIt often functions without conscious intention and is therefore easily overlooked or trivialized. To perceive and name it, a conscious "perception shift" is required – that is, the ability to recognize structural connections beyond individual perspectives.

It also addresses why it is not enough to attribute discrimination solely to personal prejudices or a lack of awareness. While breaking down stereotypes is important, discrimination persists as long as its structural roots remain untouched.

Finally, it is made clear why dealing with discrimination is not only a personal but above all a socially and politically relevant task.

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